Millions of lives all over the globe are impacted by the complicated mental health problem known as depression. For some individuals, traditional treatments like medication and psychotherapy provide significant relief. However, others may not respond to these methods, or they may experience side effects that limit their effectiveness. This is where transcranial magnetic stimulation, or TMS, comes in handy. TMS is a non-invasive treatment option that has gained popularity in recent years, particularly for individuals who have not found success with other treatment forms. In this blog, we will explore what TMS is, how it works, and its role in treating depression.
What is Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation?
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that stimulates brain neurons using magnetic fields. This therapy targets specific areas of the brain that are linked to mood regulation, most notably the prefrontal cortex. The prefrontal cortex is often underactive in individuals suffering from depression, which can contribute to the persistence of depressive symptoms.
An electromagnetic coil is pressed up to the patient’s scalp, close to the forehead, during TMS therapy. The coil produces magnetic pulses that enter the skull and excite the targeted brain region’s nerve cells. These pulses are painless and do not require any form of anaesthesia. The stimulation is believed to improve communication between nerve cells, which can, in turn, lead to a reduction in depressive symptoms over time.
How Does TMS Therapy Help with Depression?
Depression is thought to result from imbalances in brain activity, particularly in regions associated with mood, decision-making, and emotional regulation. For individuals with depression, certain parts of the brain may become less active or dysregulated, which can contribute to the symptoms of sadness, low energy, and difficulty concentrating.
TMS therapy works by stimulating these underactive regions, helping to rebalance brain activity. Over a series of sessions, TMS can enhance the brain’s ability to regulate mood, which may lead to long-lasting improvements in symptoms for some patients. Research has shown that TMS is particularly effective for individuals with treatment-resistant depression, meaning those who have not responded to at least one antidepressant medication.
Benefits of TMS Therapy for Depression
TMS therapy offers several benefits, particularly for individuals who have struggled to find relief from traditional depression treatments.
- Non-invasive Treatment: Unlike treatments such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), TMS does not require sedation or anaesthesia. The procedure is non-invasive, meaning it does not involve surgery or needles, and patients remain awake and alert during the session.
- Minimal Side Effects: TMS has been shown to have fewer side effects compared to antidepressant medications, which can cause issues such as weight gain, sexual dysfunction, and nausea. The most common side effect of TMS is mild discomfort or headache at the treatment site, which typically resolves shortly after the session.
- Long-lasting Effects: Studies have found that TMS can provide long-lasting relief from depression symptoms, even after the initial course of treatment is completed. Many patients experience significant improvements in mood that persist for months or even years.
- No Systemic Effects: Since TMS targets only specific areas of the brain, it does not affect the rest of the body as oral medications do. This means it is less likely to interact with other medications and does not have the same systemic side effects.
- Customisable Treatment: TMS treatment plans can be tailored to the individual’s specific needs, allowing for a personalised approach to managing depression.
What to Expect During a TMS Session
TMS therapy typically involves a series of sessions, with each session lasting between 30 to 60 minutes. Most patients undergo treatment five days a week for four to six weeks, depending on their specific needs. During the session, the patient is seated in a comfortable chair, and the electromagnetic coil is placed against their head.
The magnetic pulses may cause a tapping sensation on the scalp, and some individuals report a mild headache or discomfort during the first few sessions. However, these side effects tend to diminish as the patient becomes accustomed to the treatment.
TMS Treatment Cost and Accessibility
One of the most obvious worries when thinking about TMS therapy is expenditures. TMS treatment cost can vary depending on factors such as the clinic, location, and the number of sessions required. A whole course of TMS therapy can cost anything from a few thousand to tens of thousands of dollars on average.
To help patients afford the treatment, several TMS clinics provide financing alternatives or flexible payment plans. Additionally, some health insurance providers may cover TMS therapy for individuals with treatment-resistant depression, although coverage varies by provider. It’s important for individuals considering TMS to check with their insurance and the TMS clinics they are considering to fully understand the costs involved.
Who is a Good Candidate for TMS Therapy?
TMS therapy is particularly well-suited for individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) who have not responded to at least one form of antidepressant medication. It is also a good option for those who are unable to tolerate the side effects of traditional medications or for individuals seeking a non-invasive alternative to more aggressive treatments like ECT.
However, not everyone responds well to TMS treatment. Certain medical issues may prevent a person from receiving the treatment, such as a history of seizures or metal implants in or around the head. It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider or a TMS specialist to determine whether TMS is a safe and effective option.
Conclusion
For those with treatment-resistant depression, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a viable and efficient therapy. As a non-invasive, targeted therapy, it offers numerous benefits, including minimal side effects and long-lasting relief from depressive symptoms. While TMS treatment cost may be a concern, many TMS clinics offer financing options, and some health insurance plans may provide coverage for eligible patients. For those seeking a new approach to managing depression, TMS therapy could be a life-changing solution.